ICSE Class 10

General instructions: Answer all questions. Marks are shown in brackets [ ].

Objective

1. 1.
   What is the technical term for the cells of the pancreas that produce endocrine hormones?

   1. A. Acinar cells
   2. B. Islets of Langerhans
   3. C. Beta cells only
   4. D. Pancreatic duct cells
   [1]
2. 2.
   Where is the pituitary gland located in the human body?

   1. A. Base of the hindbrain
   2. B. Base of midbrain close to hypothalamus
   3. C. Near the heart
   4. D. Inside the stomach
   [1]
3. 3.
   Bulging of eyes, increased BMR, high B.P. and heart rate are symptoms of

   1. a. Cretinism
   2. b. Myxedema
   3. c. Exophthalmic goitre
   4. d. Goitre
   [1]
4. 4.
   Which hormone is responsible for the maturation of the Graafian follicle?

   1. A. Luteinizing hormone
   2. B. Follicle stimulating hormone
   3. C. Estrogen
   4. D. Progesterone
   [1]
5. 5.
   A gland having endocrine as well as exocrine function is

   1. 1. Pituitary
   2. 2. Thyroid
   3. 3. Adrenal
   4. 4. Pancreas
   [1]
6. 6.
   What condition would a child suffer from if there was hyposecretion from his thyroid gland?

   1. A. Goitre, characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland.
   2. B. Cretinism, marked by stunted physical and mental growth.
   3. C. Gigantism, leading to excessive growth and height.
   4. D. Myxoedema, causing swelling and metabolic slowdown in adults.
   [1]
7. 7.
   A patient visits a doctor with symptoms of abnormal bone growth. The doctor explains that such conditions, like gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults, occur due to the excessive release of a hormone that regulates body growth. Gigantism and Acromegaly are due to

   1. 1. Hyposecretion of Thyroxine
   2. 2. Hypersecretion of Thyroxine
   3. 3. Hyposecretion of Growth hormone
   4. 4. Hypersecretion of Growth hormone
   [1]
8. 8.
   What is the term for the presence or development of secondary male characteristics in a woman?

   1. A. Feminization
   2. B. Virilism
   3. C. Androgyny
   4. D. Hermaphroditism
   [1]
9. 9.
   Why is insulin injected into the body of a highly diabetic patient instead of being given orally?

   1. A. Insulin is ineffective when swallowed due to stomach acid.
   2. B. Insulin is a protein and would be digested by proteases in the stomach.
   3. C. Oral insulin causes severe allergic reactions.
   4. D. Insulin is absorbed better through the skin than the digestive tract.
   [1]
10. 10.
    What is the full form of the abbreviation ACTH, and which gland secretes this hormone?

    1. A. Adreno cortico tropic hormone; Anterior pituitary gland
    2. B. Adrenal cortical thyroid hormone; Thyroid gland
    3. C. Adrenaline cortisol tropic hormone; Adrenal gland
    4. D. Adreno cortico thyroid hormone; Pancreas
    [1]
11. 11.
    Which hormone stimulates the secretion of glucocorticoids?

    1. A. Thyroid stimulating hormone
    2. B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
    3. C. Growth hormone
    4. D. Prolactin
    [1]
12. 12.
    Which of the following correctly defines an exocrine gland and provides a valid example?

    1. A. A gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream; e.g., thyroid gland.
    2. B. A gland that pours its secretion into a particular organ through a duct; e.g., salivary gland.
    3. C. A gland without ducts that releases enzymes into the digestive tract; e.g., liver.
    4. D. A gland that stores its secretion internally and releases it on demand; e.g., adrenal gland.
    [1]
13. 13.
    Identify the correct pair of hormones:

    1. A. P – Prolactin, Q – Thyroxine.
    2. B. P – Oxytocin, Q – Cortisol.
    3. C. P – Estrogen, Q – Insulin.
    4. D. P – Testosterone, Q – Thyroxine.
    [1]
14. 14.
    What is virilism, and which of the following is a symptom of this condition?

    1. A. Development of female secondary sexual characters in men; enlarged breasts.
    2. B. Development of male secondary sexual characters in women; growth of beard.
    3. C. Excessive hair growth in both genders; increased body hair.
    4. D. Reduced muscle mass in men; muscle weakness.
    [1]
15. 15.
    Which of the following is a key difference between hormonal control and nervous control?

    1. A. Hormonal control is fast, while nervous control is slow.
    2. B. Hormonal signals are transmitted through blood, while nervous signals are electrochemical.
    3. C. Hormonal effects are short-lived, while nervous effects are long-lasting.
    4. D. Hormonal control acts locally, while nervous control acts systemically.
    [1]
16. 16.
    Where is the thyroid gland located, and which hormones does it produce?

    1. A. Behind the stomach; produces insulin and glucagon.
    2. B. In front of the neck below the larynx; produces thyroxine and calcitonin.
    3. C. Above the kidneys; produces adrenaline and cortisol.
    4. D. At the base of the brain; produces growth hormone and prolactin.
    [1]
17. 17.
    Compare the hormonal response with the nervous response with respect to their speed, transmission, and the general nature of changes brought about. Which of the following statements correctly summarizes these differences?

    1. A. Hormonal responses are rapid, transmitted via neurons, and produce immediate effects like muscle contraction.
    2. B. Hormonal responses are slower, transmitted via blood, and bring about long-term changes like growth and metabolism.
    3. C. Nervous responses are slow, transmitted via blood, and regulate prolonged processes like digestion.
    4. D. Hormonal and nervous responses are identical in speed, transmission, and the nature of changes they produce.
    [1]
18. 18.
    What is a feedback mechanism in the context of hormone regulation, and which example illustrates it?

    1. A. A process where hormones are broken down; e.g., insulin is degraded by the liver.
    2. B. A process where a hormone inhibits its own secretion; e.g., excess thyroxine inhibits TSH-RH.
    3. C. A process where hormones are stored for later use; e.g., adrenaline is stored in vesicles.
    4. D. A process where hormones are secreted in bursts; e.g., growth hormone is released during sleep.
    [1]
19. 19.
    Which of the following correctly states three important differences between the action of hormones and that of nerves in the regulatory mechanism of our body?

    1. A. Hormones act rapidly, transmit electrical impulses, and control immediate responses; nerves act slowly, are chemical signals, and regulate long-term processes.
    2. B. Hormones act slowly, are chemical signals, and regulate long-term processes; nerves act rapidly, transmit electrical impulses, and control immediate responses.
    3. C. Hormones and nerves both act rapidly, transmit chemical signals, and regulate immediate as well as long-term processes equally.
    4. D. Hormones act slowly, transmit electrical impulses, and control immediate responses; nerves act rapidly, are chemical signals, and regulate long-term processes.
    [1]
20. 20.
    Which of the following pairs are antagonistic hormones, and what are their primary actions?

    1. A. Adrenaline and Noradrenaline; both increase heart rate.
    2. B. Insulin and Glucagon; Insulin reduces blood sugar, Glucagon increases it.
    3. C. Thyroxine and Parathormone; both regulate calcium levels.
    4. D. Estrogen and Testosterone; both regulate reproductive functions.
    [1]