ICSE Class 10

General instructions: Answer all questions. Marks are shown in brackets [ ].

Objective

1. 1.
   The chief nitrogenous waste in mammals is

   1. A. ammonia
   2. B. uric acid
   3. C. urea
   4. D. amino acids
   [1]
2. 2.
   What is the medical term for the condition characterized by improper kidney function leading to water accumulation in the body?

   1. A. Edema
   2. B. Dropsy
   3. C. Nephritis
   4. D. Uremia
   [1]
3. 3.
   Which thin membranous sac in the human body serves as the reservoir for urine?

   1. A. Gallbladder
   2. B. Urinary bladder
   3. C. Ureter
   4. D. Urethra
   [1]
4. 4.
   Which is the main nitrogenous metabolic waste excreted by mammals, including humans?

   1. A. Ammonia
   2. B. Uric acid
   3. C. Urea
   4. D. Creatinine
   [1]
5. 5.
   Given below is a list of substances. Which of the following groups consists ONLY of substances that need to be got rid off from the body?

   1. A. Glucose, amino acids, urea, carbon dioxide
   2. B. Urea, carbon dioxide, excess water, excess common salt, uric acid
   3. C. Amino acids, glycogen, excess water, uric acid
   4. D. Excess common salt, glucose, urea, carbon dioxide
   [1]
6. 6.
   Which organ in the human body is responsible for the production of urea?

   1. A. Kidney
   2. B. Liver
   3. C. Lungs
   4. D. Pancreas
   [1]
7. 7.
   Maximum amount of water from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in

   1. a. DCT
   2. b. PCT
   3. c. ascending limb of Henle’s loop
   4. d. descending limb of Henle’s loop
   [1]
8. 8.
   What does the abbreviation ADH stand for, and which of the following is an example of a diuretic substance?

   1. A. Antidiuretic Hormone; Water
   2. B. Antidiuretic Hormone; Alcohol
   3. C. Adrenaline Hormone; Caffeine
   4. D. Adrenaline Hormone; Glucose
   [1]
9. 9.
   Which excretory products are formed by the liver?

   1. A. Urea and bile pigments
   2. B. Carbon dioxide and water
   3. C. Uric acid and ammonia
   4. D. Sweat and sebum
   [1]
10. 10.
    During a study of blood composition, a doctor explains that a particular blood vessel carries the least amount of urea after it has been filtered by the kidneys. Which of the following blood vessels in humans carries the least concentration of urea?

    1. a. Hepatic vein
    2. b. Hepatic artery
    3. c. Renal artery
    4. d. Renal vein
    [1]
11. 11.
    A biology teacher asked her students to give two examples of excretory organs in the human body. Raj said : - Kidneys and lungs Sonu said : - Liver and pancreas Lata said : - Kidneys and skin Abhay said : - Lungs and large intestine Who were correct?

    1. a. Raj and Lata
    2. b. Sonu and Abhay
    3. c. Lata and Abhay
    4. d. Raj and Abhay
    [1]
12. 12.
    (xii) A person suffering from kidney failure has proteins in the urine. What is this condition called?

    1. A. Hematuria
    2. B. Glycosuria
    3. C. Albuminuria
    4. D. Anaemia
    [1]
13. 13.
    Ammonia is converted into urea in

    1. a. kidney
    2. b. liver
    3. c. ureters
    4. d. stomach
    [1]
14. 14.
    Elevated levels of uric acid in the bloodstream most likely suggest a dysfunction in which organ's primary role?

    1. A. Liver's detoxification process
    2. B. Kidney's filtration and excretion
    [1]
15. 15.
    Ultrafiltrate generated by the glomerulus is having all the constituents of the blood plasma except

    1. a. protein
    2. b. WBC
    3. c. RBC
    4. d. All of these
    [1]
16. 16.
    Why is it necessary to maintain a normal osmotic concentration of the blood?

    1. A. To ensure proper cell function, nerve impulse transmission, and overall homeostasis by preventing osmotic imbalances.
    2. B. To increase the blood pressure and enhance oxygen transport to tissues.
    3. C. To reduce the workload on the kidneys and minimize urine production.
    4. D. To accelerate metabolic reactions and boost energy production in cells.
    [1]
17. 17.
    If you donate one kidney to a needy patient, would it cause any harm to you and why?

    1. A. No, because the remaining kidney compensates by increasing its filtration capacity to maintain normal function.
    2. B. Yes, because losing one kidney reduces overall excretory efficiency by half permanently.
    3. C. No, because the donated kidney can regenerate in the donor’s body over time.
    4. D. Yes, because the body cannot adjust to the loss of a kidney and requires dialysis immediately.
    [1]
18. 18.
    Which substances are primarily reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubules?

    1. A. Water and sodium
    2. B. Glucose and amino acids
    3. C. Urea and creatinine
    4. D. Potassium and chloride
    [1]
19. 19.
    Although urine is formed from alkaline blood, it is acidic in nature. What is the significance of this statement?

    1. A. Kidneys convert blood pH to acidic by adding hydrogen ions.
    2. B. Blood becomes acidic before reaching the kidneys.
    3. C. Urine acidity is unrelated to kidney function.
    4. D. Acidic urine indicates kidney failure.
    [1]
20. 20.
    A protein-rich diet is likely to have what effect on the pH of urine?

    1. A. Makes urine more alkaline.
    2. B. Makes urine more acidic.
    3. C. Has no effect on urine pH.
    4. D. Makes urine neutral.
    [1]